Bilbao
毕尔巴鄂

Creative Design Driven Urban Revitalization
创意设计驱动的城市复兴

Abstract

Bilbao, located in Spain's Basque region, was once known for its steel and shipbuilding industries. However, with the global economic shift, it faced severe industrial decline and an economic crisis. To overcome these limitations, the city chose a path of cultural, design, and innovation-driven urban revitalization. Its iconic architecture, cultural projects, and urban renewal have earned international recognition, and in 2014, Bilbao was named a “UNESCO City of Design,” transforming into a creative city with both modern appeal and cultural depth.

Bilbao has successfully transitioned from heavy industry to a diversified economy led by design, creative industries, and tourism. The city is home to numerous art and design institutions, museums, galleries, and cultural centers that provide platforms for artists and designers. The design industry covers industrial design (furniture, products, fashion), digital design (video art, game design), and architecture, while the creative sector spans art, music, film, and digital media. The tourism industry, anchored by the Guggenheim Museum, has driven cultural revival and boosted related sectors such as hospitality, dining, and retail, forming a complete industrial ecosystem.

The Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Gehry, is a key symbol of Bilbao's creative industry's rise. Its innovative architecture has attracted global attention and become a cultural economic engine. With the support of the Bilbao Metropoli-20 organization, the city has transformed old industrial areas into commercial, cultural, and leisure centers, with districts like Abandoibarra and the Old Town becoming hubs for creative industries. Bilbao hosts an annual Design Week and offers creative training and support through initiatives like Bilbao Ekintza and Bilbao Arte, which foster innovation in design. In cultural tourism, the city uses digital technologies, such as VR and AR, to enhance visitor experiences and engage them with interactive exhibitions.

Bilbao’s industrial innovation revolves around "culture-driven economy," integrating design, creativity, and technology to continue its urban renaissance.

摘要

毕尔巴鄂，这座位于西班牙巴斯克地区的城市，曾以其钢铁和造船工业闻名。但随着全球经济结构的变化，其遭遇了严峻的产业衰退和经济危机。为了摆脱工业城市的局限，这座城市选择了以文化、设计和创新为核心，走上了一条具有长远和前瞻性的城市复兴之路。毕尔巴鄂的标志性建筑、文化项目和城市更新的综合布局荣获多项国际荣誉认可，并且该市在2014年入选为“UCCN设计之都”，成功塑造了一个兼具现代感与人文氛围的创意城市。

毕尔巴鄂目前的核心产业已经成功从重工业转型为以设计、文化创意和旅游业为主导的多元化经济结构。该市拥有多样化的艺术和设计机构，以及众多博物馆、画廊和文化中心，为艺术家和设计师提供了展示和销售作品的平台。设计产业涵盖工业设计（家具、产品、时尚）、数字设计（视频艺术、游戏设计）和建筑设计等多个领域，而文化创意产业则涉及艺术、音乐、电影和数字媒体等方面。同时，以古根海姆美术馆为核心的旅游业快速发展，不仅带动文化复兴，还促进了酒店、餐饮、零售等相关行业，使设计、文化创意和旅游产业相互融合，形成完整的产业体系。

古根海姆美术馆是毕尔巴鄂创意产业崛起的关键标志。这座由弗兰克·盖里设计的建筑，以其创新外观吸引全球关注，成为文化经济的驱动引擎。在其示范效应下，毕尔巴鄂政府与Bilbao Metropoli-20组织合作，推进城市更新，将旧工业区改造为商业、文化和休闲中心。例如，阿班多尔巴拉区和老城区已成为文化创意企业的聚集地，推动了城市的创意经济发展。在设计领域，毕尔巴鄂每年举办设计周，政府支持的商业发展机构Bilbao Ekintza和毕尔巴鄂艺术中心（Bilbao Arte）为本地设计师和企业提供创意培训、扶持计划、资金资源及市场推广支持，推动设计产业创新。在文化旅游方面，毕尔巴鄂利用数字技术提升游客体验。例如，美术馆引入VR和AR技术打造沉浸式导览，让游客在线参观展览、探索建筑细节，并通过数字档案系统深度了解艺术作品；互动展览结合触摸屏和投影技术，生动呈现城市历史文化，增强游客参与感。

毕尔巴鄂的产业创新以“文化驱动经济”为核心，从标志性建筑引领产业升级、城市更新促进经济转型、政府机构支持本地创意产业成长到设计与科技融合提升文化体验，依托设计、创意产业和科技应用持续性实现城市的复兴。